Inspired by the recent celebration of the author's centenary, this contribution delves into the captivating intersection of imagination and astronomy within the literary universe of Italo Calvino (1923 - 1985). Renowned for his unique narrative style and profound explorations of fantastical realms, Calvino's works often intertwine with celestial themes and cosmic perspectives. Through a careful examination of select literary masterpieces and public interviews, we aim to unravel the intricate connections between Calvino's imaginative prowess and his fascination with the vast expanses of the cosmos. By exploring the nuanced interplay of creativity and scientific curiosity in Calvino's writings, we seek to illuminate the ways in which the author bridges the realms of fiction and astronomy, offering readers a rich tapestry that transcends conventional boundaries and invites contemplation on the limitless possibilities of the human mind, always with a keen eye on the events of his epoch.